Salesforce secures data in two distinct ways:

  • Record level visibility (Can you see that Bob Smith exists?)
  • Field-level detail (Can you see Bob Smith’s phone number and email?)

For now, let’s focus on the first one: simply knowing that Bob Smith is a customer.

Salesforce offers three main ways to control who sees what:

  • Public: Everyone can see and edit all records. No gatekeeping here—Salesforce doesn’t need to check anything before showing you a record.
  • Public Read Only: Everyone can see all records, but editing requires permission.
  • Private: Records are hidden unless specific access is granted. Salesforce must verify whether you’re allowed to even know a record exists.

When visibility isn’t wide open (Public Read Only or Private), Salesforce needs a way to track who can see what. That’s where Share records come in.

Let’s say you set the Contact object to Private. Salesforce quietly creates a companion object called Contact Share. This is the backstage pass system—each record in Contact Share says, “Hey, this user is allowed to see this Contact.”

So when a user logs in and searches for a Contact, Salesforce checks the Contact Share table first. No Share record? No access. It’s that simple.

 

When Salesforce uses Public Read Only or Private Record Share records are needed for users to access the record.

Real-World Example: ALM Trust

Meet Jane and John, two employees at ALM Trust.

  • John works in risk analysis. He crunches numbers but doesn’t need to know who those numbers belong to.
  • Jane supports customers directly. She needs access to Contact info to return calls and provide updates

    Now let’s say Bob Smith is a customer.

    • When John searches for Bob in Salesforce, the system checks Contact Share. No record found. John sees… nothing.
    • When Jane searches for Bob, Salesforce finds a matching Contact Share record. The door opens. Jane sees Bob’s record—just the parts she’s allowed to access.

     

    And that’s the magic of record-level sharing.

    Stay tuned—we’ll dive into how Salesforce creates those Share records next. It’s where automation, roles, and rules come into play.